盐酸浸取-次溴酸盐氧化法测定海洋沉积物中的氨氮     

李学刚  宋金明  袁华茂  李宁 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):550-554

氨氮是海洋沉积物中氮的最主要存在形式之一,是海洋沉积物-海水界面间物质交换最为活跃的部分。当前通常利用NaCl、MgCl2或KCl等中性溶剂浸取沉积物中氨氮的方法,仅仅是测定其中的部分氨氮。本文先用0.1 mol/L盐酸将沉积物中的氨氮较为充分地浸取出来,然后用次溴酸盐氧化法测定氨氮。在大量实验的基础上,确定了最佳分析条件,包括次溴酸溶液的碱度及其浓度、显色剂磺胺的用量和显色酸度,获得了较高的精密度和准确度。确立的方法可以较为全面地提取出沉积物中的氨氮,适用于海洋沉积物中氨氮的测定。  相似文献   

微波消解-磷钒钼黄光度法测定海洋沉积物中总磷   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

夏炳训  宋晓丽  丁琳  姜军成  杨鲁宁 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):555-559

采用微波消解样品,磷钒钼黄光度法测定海洋沉积物中总磷。优化了消解用酸的种类和用量、消解时间、消解温度等微波消解条件。选择HNO3作为消解剂,消解最终温度190℃,保持时间15 min,总磷的测定快速和准确。探讨了显色酸度(微波消解液是否需要赶酸)和稀释倍数等测定条件。对两种国家一级沉积物标准物质GBW07314和GBW07311进行分析验证,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为0.74%和1.66%。与常规消解方法进行比对实验,测定结果无显著性差异。与国标GB 17378.5方法相比,该法具有简单、快速、准确、空白值低、环境污染少等优点。在实际样品测定中,取得了满意的结果,适用于海洋沉积物中总磷的测定。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩沥青"A"的地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙敏卓  龙国徽  孟仟祥  郑建京  王国仓  房嬛  王作栋 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):623-630

塔里木盆地采集的海相碳酸盐岩样品经粉碎后在索氏抽提器中用氯仿溶液抽提,正己烷沉淀沥青质后,可溶有机质进行柱色层族组成分离,获得饱和烃、芳烃、非烃,饱和烃和芳烃直接进行气相色谱-质谱分析,非烃经三氟化硼-甲醇混合液酯化后进行气相色谱-质谱分析。结果显示,样品有机质的演化程度高,母质类型以水生生物为主,台地相成烃古环境为富含单质硫的微生物发育的咸化深水还原环境。样品有机质经历过强烈的环化-芳构化过程和去甲基化过程有利于以甲烷为主的天然气的生成。样品的芳烃馏分中检测到C31-16-one、C33-16-one和C35-18-one长链中位酮化合物,推断这些长链中位酮可能是有机酸盐存在的特征生物标识化合物。  相似文献   

天山乌鲁木齐河流域冰川地貌与冰期研究的回顾与展望   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

赵井东  施雅风  李忠勤 《冰川冻土》2011,33(1):118-125

乌鲁木齐河源于天山北列喀拉乌成山的北坡,区内保存着形态多样、较为清晰的第四纪冰川侵蚀与沉积地形.经过老中青数代人的考察研究,取得如下研究成果:1)查清了河源区冰川地形的分布与特征,运用冰川沉积学与地貌地层学原理对乌鲁木齐河出山口处的扇形地进行了冰川与非冰川成因的鉴别;2)基于地衣法、常规14 C与AMS14 C、TL、ESR、CRN(10Be)等多种定年方法的测年结果,并结合地貌地层学原理,建立了乌鲁木齐河流域小冰期、新冰期、末次冰期(MIS 2～4)、MIS 6与MIS12较完整的冰川演化序列,为我国第四纪冰川研究树立了一个典型范例.展望未来,乌鲁木齐河源区的冰川地貌演化模拟与古环境重建等需作进一步研究,喀拉乌成山南坡的冰川地形有待进行综合定年;若以乌鲁木齐河源流域冰期序列为参照,冰川发育与天山的构造抬升以及东、中与西段天山冰川发育是否具有一致性,天山地区是否保存有更老冰碛等科学问题尚待深入探讨.  相似文献   

黔南独山县羊凤乡祥摆组海相动物群及其环境分析     

罗威  熊发挥  石和 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(4):354-357,396

黔南祥摆组的化石资料稀少且以植物化石为主,在独山县羊风乡祥摆组中发现了一个海相动物群,主要化石有腕足类、珊瑚类、苔藓虫类、头足类和遗迹化石,其中以腕足类最为丰富。在鉴定分析所发现化石的基础上,结合该动物群所在层位的岩性特征、矿物特征和区域上该时期的沉积特征,采用古生态学分析方法,认为该动物群生存环境为一个淡化渴湖。区域上,该渴湖主要位于平塘县与独山县之间,而构成渴湖与外海的障壁则主要位于摆者至麻尾一线东北,呈北西向延伸;在北部兔场附近祥摆组已演变为以泛滥平原沉积为主。溻湖范围内现今构造形态完整,同时这种局限低能的沉积环境可以形成良好的烃源岩,因此它们在区域上的分布对岩相古地理和油气生储盖组合研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

João G. Ferreira  Jesper H. Andersen  Angel Borja  Suzanne B. Bricker  Jordi Camp  Margarida Cardoso da Silva  Esther Garcés  Anna-Stiina Heiskanen  Christoph Humborg  Lydia Ignatiades  Christiane Lancelot  Alain Menesguen  Paul Tett  Nicolas Hoepffner  Ulrich Claussen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

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Assessment of benthic trophic status of marine coastal ecosystems: Significance of meiofaunal rare taxa     

Antonio Pusceddu  Silvia BianchelliCristina Gambi  Roberto Danovaro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of grouper spawning aggregations in marine protected areas in Palau,western Micronesia     

Yimnang Golbuu  Alan M. Friedlander 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

In Palau, Ngerumekaol and Ebiil Channels are spawning aggregation sites that have been protected from fishing since 1976 and 2000, respectively. Groupers and other targeted fisheries species were monitored monthly over a 1.5 year period at these two spawning aggregations and two nearby exploited reference sites where grouper formerly aggregated to spawn. At the protected aggregation sites, three grouper species (Plectropomus areolatus, Epinephelus polyphekadion, and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) accounted for 78% of the abundance and 85% of the biomass of all resource species surveyed but comprised <1% of the total abundance and biomass at reference sites not protected from fishing that formally harbored spawning aggregations. Abundance and biomass of grouper species pooled were 54% and 72% higher, respectively, at Ngerumekaol compared to Ebiil. Comparisons with data from the same locations in 1995–1996 showed order of magnitude declines in abundance of E. polyphekadion at both locations. The lower numbers of E. fuscoguttatus and the near absence of E. polyphekadion at Ebiil may reflect the effects of previous and current overexploitation.  相似文献   

Seasonal distribution of organic matter and copper under stratified conditions in a karstic,marine, sulfide rich environment (Rogoznica Lake,Croatia)     

Marta Plavšić  Irena CiglenečkiSlađana Strmečki  Elvira Bura-Nakić 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Closed, isolated small systems, as the representatives of a “unique-environmental feature”, are valuable natural laboratories for studying different biogeochemical processes. The saline Rogoznica Lake (“Dragon Eye”), situated on the Eastern Adriatic coast is such a system (10 276 m², 15 m deep) typical of many stratified, sulfide rich water bodies. The depth of mixolimnion changes seasonally and it is greatly influenced by meteorological conditions, i.e. temperature and rainfall. Vertical mixing usually occurs during winter when cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface sinks downwards.  相似文献   

Probabilistic lifetime assessment of marine reinforced concrete with steel corrosion and cover cracking     

陆春华  金伟良  刘荣桂 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(2):305-318

In order to study the durability behavior of marine reinforced concrete structure suffering from chloride attack,the structural service life is assumed to be divided into three critical stages,which can be characterized by steel corrosion and cover cracking.For each stage,a calculated model used to predict the lifetime is developed.Based on the definition of durability limit state,a probabilistic lifetime model and its time-dependent reliability analytical method are proposed considering the random natures of influencing factors.Then,the probabilistic lifetime prediction models are applied to a bridge pier located in the Hangzhou Bay with Monte Carlo simulation.It is found that the time to corrosion initiation t0 follows a lognormal distribution,while that the time from corrosion initiation to cover cracking t1 and the time for crack to develop from hairline crack to a limit crack width t2 can be described by Weibull distributions.With the permitted failure probability of 5.0%,it is also observed that the structural durability lifetime mainly depends on the durability life t0 and that the percentage of participation of the life t0 to the total service life grows from 61.5% to 83.6% when the cover thickness increases from 40 mm to 80 mm.Therefore,for any part of the marine RC bridge,the lifetime predictions and maintenance efforts should also be directed toward controlling the stage of corrosion initiation induced by chloride ion.  相似文献